Selecting an optimum combination of items from a set of items, known as knapsack problems, is an important issue in the decision making domain. In this paper, a new approach is developed to solve a MULTIPLE Attribute Knapsack Problem (MAKP) in which each combination of items is evaluated using some quantitative and qualitative ATTRIBUTES. The assumed qualitative ATTRIBUTES cannot be measured by a mathematical formulation but by a DM/expert. In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) model has been developed to generate different combinations as the sequential population of the GA model. To rate the qualitative ATTRIBUTES for each chromosome (or combination) in the population, a Neural Network (NN) model has been developed. The ratings (or scores) resulted from quantitative ATTRIBUTES (by NN) and qualitative ATTRIBUTES (by mathematical formulation) for each chromosome form a row of a decision matrix. Having the decision matrix and known weights of ATTRIBUTES, the combinations in each population are ranked by applying a MADM model. The ranks obtained for each chromosome shows the fitness of that chromosome. Using the GA model, the best combination is achieved. The results of conducted experiments show the capability of the proposed approach to deal with MAKP problems.

Purpose: To report a patient with MEWDS.Patient and findings: A 65-year-old man presented with sudden decrease of vision in his right eye. On ophthalmoscopy of the involved eye, numerous small discrete white lesions were detected superficially and deep in the retina around the disc and macula. On visual field examination, enlargement of the blind spot was detected. Fluorescein angiography was unremarkable. On electroretinography, the a-wave was decreased minimally. The patient was followed and after 2 months, significant improvement of visual acuity and visual field was observed.Conclusion: MEWDS is a rare intraocular inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and in contrast to our patient, more frequent in females. The natural course is generally benign with spontaneous disappearance of the lesions and improvement of vision in 6 to 8 weeks.

Rice is the most important agricultural product that plays an important role in feeding the world and Iran agricultural economics. Rice consumers are looking to buy more utility ATTRIBUTES of the product. Thus, the measurement ATTRIBUTES that create desired utility is necessary. In this study, using choice experiment approach, consumer preferences and willing to pay for various ATTRIBUTES of rice is examined. Data was analyzed through 120 questionnaires in sari with orthogonal design in the Sari city by the conditional logit model. The results showed each household of Sari to improve rice consumer situation willing to pay on average 17850 Tomans per kg. Knowledge of the basic ATTRIBUTES of rice and individual preferences can lead to changes in the structure of researches and production of this strategic product.

The purpose of this paper is to present the possibility of replacing physical unit cost in transportation or distribution problems by an aggregate coefficient, getting qualitative and subjective considerations involved. The model for constructing aggregate cost is a two stage MULTIPLE attribute decision-making problems. In the first stage supply points, demand points and routes of transportation are alternatives and have to be weighted against their own ATTRIBUTES. In the second stage, the alternatives are placed as ATTRIBUTES in a new matrix and the unit aggregate costs will be the new alternatives. Some heuristic techniques are developed for tradeoffs between ATTRIBUTES. Experts and decision-makers do tradeoff. The results are compared with the simple physical costs.

Purpose: To report a case of severe macular edema following the taking of fingolimod in MULTIPLE sclerosis.Case Report: A 34-year-old woman with a long history of relapsing-remitting MULTIPLE sclerosis presented complaining of blurred vision in the left eye that started 1 week before the presentation. She had been taking fingolimod for 4 months. She was not diabetic and had no history of uveitis but reported an episode of retrobulbar optic neuritis in both eyes. The initial ophthalmic examination, which was performed 2 weeks before initiating fingolimod, revealed a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20.25 OU and no ocular abnormalities. Upon the recent presentation, BCVA was 20.25 OD and 20.70 OS and there was no afferentpapillary defect. The examination of anterior segment and anterior vitreous was unremarkable. Retinal examination of the left eye revealed cystoid macular edema with no other inflammatory signs or vascular changes. The findings of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were compatible with macular edema and indicated that the central macular thickness (CMT) was 605 microns. Fingolimod was discontinued and sinarolac was started three times daily. After 6 weeks, BCVA was 20.25 OD and 20.30 OS.Macular edema was resolved clinically and SD-OCT exhibited a significant reduction in macular edema with a CMT of 277 microns.Conclusion: Fingolimod-associated macular edema is a benign complication of the drug used for MULTIPLE sclerosis and. This complication responds well to the drug discontinuation and topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory administration.

Introduction: Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition in which a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery has an intra myocardial route. Myocardial bridging is usually confined to a single vessel and is typically the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery. Bridging may be associated with chest pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, or usually asymptomatic.Case Report: A 59 year-old women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with dyspnea and chest pain on exercise. Physical exam, electrocardiography and echocardiography were intact. In angiography, we found severe stenosis of left main coronary artery and severe stenosis of three coronary artery (Three Vessel Disease) as well as MULTIPLE myocardial bridges at the end of right coronary artery.Conclusion: Myocardial bridging is a rave condition, however, it be considered in patients facing recurrent chest pain, it has severe complication such as sudden cardiac death.